第二章

作者:[印]泰戈尔 著 发布时间:2019-09-11 16:11:23 字数:30016
  1

  我不知道谁在记忆的画本上绘画;但不管他是谁,他所画的是图画;我的意思是说他不只是用他的画笔忠实地把正在发生的事情摹了下来。他是根据他的爱好或添或减。他把大的东西画小了,也把小的东西画大了。他毫不在乎地把前面的东西放在背景里,或把后面的东西放到前面来。总而言之,他是在绘画而不是在写历史。

  Iknownotwhopaintsthepicturesonmemory’scanvas;butwhoeverhemaybe,whatheispaintingarepictures;bywhichImeanthatheisnottherewithhisbrushsimplytomakeafaithfulcopyofallthatishappening.Hetakesinandleavesoutaccordingtohistaste.Hemakesmanyabigthingsmallandsmallthingbig.Hehasnocompunctioninputtingintothebackgroundthatwhichwastothefore,orbringingtothefrontthatwhichwasbehind.Inshortheispaintingpictures,andnotwritinghistory.

  这样,在“生活”的外表上,一系列的事情走过了,在内里也画出了一套图画。这二者是符合的,但不是一件东西。

  Thus,overLife’soutwardaspectpassestheseriesofevents,andwithinisbeingpaintedasetofpictures.Thetwocorrespondbutarenotone.

  我们没有工夫去彻底查看我们心中的画室。其中的一部分常常吸引我们的眼光,但是更大的一部分总在黑暗的、看不到的地方。为什么那永远忙碌的画家总在绘画;他什么时候可以画完;他的画要在哪个画廊陈列出来——谁能说出呢?

  Wedonotgettheleisuretoviewthoroughlythisstudiowithinus.Portionsofitnowandthencatchoureye,butthegreaterpartremainsoutofsightinthedarkness.Whytheever-busypainterispainting;whenhewillhavedone;forwhatgalleryhispicturesaredestined--whocantell?

  几年以前,因为有人问起我的往事,我得到了去窥探这间画室的机会。我以为能为我的传记选出一些材料就可以满意了。后来我发现,我一打开门,生活的记忆不是生活的历史,而是一个不知名的画家的创作。到处涂抹的五彩斑斓的颜色,不是外面光线的反映,而是出自画家自己的、来自他心中情感的渲染。因此在画布上的记录不能像法庭上的证据那样适用。

  Someyearsago,onbeingquestionedastotheeventsofmypastlife,Ihadoccasiontopryintothispicture-chamber.IhadthoughttobecontentwithselectingsomefewmaterialsformyLife’sstory.Ithendiscovered,asIopenedthedoor,thatLife’smemoriesarenotLife’shistory,buttheoriginalworkofanunseenArtist.Thevariegatedcoloursscatteredaboutarenotreflectionsofoutsidelights,butbelongtothepainterhimself,andcomepassion-tingedfromhisheart;therebyunfittingtherecordonthecanvasforuseasevidenceinacourtoflaw.

  虽然从记忆的仓库里去收集正确的历史这种尝试是没有结果的,而在重看这些图画时却有一种魅力,一种对我诱惑的魅力。

  Butthoughtheattempttogatherprecisehistoryfrommemory’sstorehousemaybefruitless,thereisafascinationinlookingoverthepictures,afascinationwhichcastitsspellonme.

  我们走着的旅途,我们憩息的路旁凉亭,在我们走路的时候还不是图画——它们太必需了,太明显了。而在进到夜晚的驿舍之前,我们回顾我们在生命的早晨所走过的城市、田野、江河、山岭,那时,在过去一天的光辉中,它们就真是一幅一幅的图画。这样,当我的机会来到,我好好地回顾一下,就热心起来了。

  Theroadoverwhichwejourney,thewaysideshelterinwhichwepause,arenotpictureswhileyetwetravel--theyaretoonecessary,tooobvious.When,however,beforeturningintotheeveningresthouse,welookbackuponthecities,fields,riversandhillswhichwehavebeenthroughinLife’smorning,then,inthelightofthepassingday,aretheypicturesindeed.Thus,whenmyopportunitycame,didIlookback,andwasengrossed.

  只为了是我自己的往事而引起我的自然的情感,因而引起我的兴趣吗?这其中当然一定有些个人的情感,但这些图画本身也有其独立的艺术价值。我的回忆录中的事情,没有哪一件是值得永远保存的,但是主题质量不是写记录的唯一理由。一个人实地感到的事情,只要能使别人也感觉到,对于我们的同类往往也是重要的。如果在记忆中形成的图画能够用文字写下来,它们在文学上是配占一个地位的。

  Wasthisinterestarousedwithinmesolelybyanaturalaffectionformyownpast?Somepersonalfeeling,ofcourse,theremusthavebeen,butthepictureshadalsoanindependentartisticvalueoftheirown.Thereisnoeventinmyreminiscencesworthyofbeingpreservedforalltime.Butthequalityofthesubjectisnottheonlyjustificationforarecord.Whatonehastrulyfelt,ifonlyitcanbemadesensibletoothers,isalwaysofimportancetoone’sfellowmen.Ifpictureswhichhavetakenshapeinmemorycanbebroughtoutinwords,theyareworthaplaceinliterature.

  我是把我的记忆的图画当做文学材料贡献出来的。若把它当做一个自传的尝试那就错了。那样去看的话,这些回忆不但无用,而且也不完全。

  ItisasliterarymaterialthatIoffermymemorypictures.Totakethemasanattemptatautobiographywouldbeamistake.Insuchaviewthesereminiscenceswouldappearuselessaswellasincomplete.

  2教育开始

  TeachingBegins

  我们三个男孩子在一块儿长大。我的两个同伴都比我大两岁。他们从师受业的时候,我的教育也开始了,但我学过什么,在记忆中一点也没有留下。

  Wethreeboyswerebeingbroughtuptogether.BothmycompanionsweretwoyearsolderthanI.Whentheywereplacedundertheirtutor,myteachingalsobegan,butofwhatIlearntnothingremainsinmymemory.

  我时常忆起的是:“雨儿滴沥着,叶儿颤动着。”[孟加拉儿童初级读本里的韵文。

  ②双音的练习。]我刚刚渡过风暴的KaraKhala②地带,抛下锚来;我念着“雨儿滴沥着,叶儿颤动着”,对于我是诗王的第一首诗。每当这一天的欢乐回到我心上的时候,甚至于在今天,我也体会到为什么诗歌是那样地需要韵律。只因为有了韵律,字句终止了而又没有终止,背诵过了,余音还在回响着;耳朵和心还能够不时地把韵律抛来抛去地玩着。这样,在我一生的意识中,雨儿就不停地滴沥着,叶儿就不停地颤动着。

  Whatconstantlyrecurstomeis"Therainpatters,theleafquivers."Iamjustcometoanchoraftercrossingthestormyregionofthekara,khalaseries;andIamreading"Therainpatters,theleafquivers,"formethefirstpoemoftheArchPoet.Wheneverthejoyofthatdaycomesbacktome,evennow,Irealisewhyrhymeissoneedfulinpoetry.Becauseofitthewordscometoanend,andyetendnot;theutteranceisover,butnotitsring;andtheearandthemindcangoonandonwiththeirgameoftossingtherhymetoeachother.Thusdidtherainpatterandtheleavesquiveragainandagain,thelive-longdayinmyconsciousness.

  我童年时期还有一段插曲,在我心里也记得很真。

  Anotherepisodeofthisperiodofmyearlyboyhoodisheldfastinmymind.

  我们有一个名叫卡拉什的老会计,他就像我们家里人一样。他是一个大滑稽家,整天对老老少少任何人都讲笑话;新姑爷,新亲戚,都是他特别嘲弄的对象。使人疑心到连他死后也还有幽默。有一次,家里的大人们试作与阴间通讯的扶乩。乩笔有一次画出卡拉什字样。人问他在那边的生活怎样。他回答说,“我什么都不说。我死后才知道的东西,你们想轻易地就得到吗?”

  Wehadanoldcashier,Kailashbyname,whowaslikeoneofthefamily.Hewasagreatwit,andwouldbeconstantlycrackingjokeswitheverybody,oldandyoung;recentlymarriedsons-in-law,newcomersintothefamilycircle,beinghisspecialbutts.Therewasroomforthesuspicionthathishumourhadnotdesertedhimevenafterdeath.Oncemyelderswereengagedinanattempttostartapostalservicewiththeotherworldbymeansofaplanchette.AtoneofthesittingsthepencilscrawledoutthenameofKailash.Hewasaskedastothesortoflifeoneledwherehewas.Notabitofit,wasthereply."WhyshouldyougetsocheapwhatIhadtodietolearn?"

  这位卡拉什曾为讨我的好对我哇啦哇啦地唱着他自己编的歪诗。我是这篇诗里的主人翁,诗中还有在期待中将要来临的女主人翁在闪闪发光。我在听的时候,我的心思就粘在这位坐在“将来”的怀抱的“宝座上”,光艳照人的绝代的新娘这一幅画上。她从头到脚戴着的一系列宝饰,从未听过的豪华的婚礼准备,可能会使大一点的、聪明一点的人都晕头转向;但是感动了这孩子的,使美妙欢乐的图画在他的幻象中飞闪的,还是那迅速铿锵的尾韵和摇曳的节奏。

  ThisKailashusedtorattleoffformyspecialdelectationadoggerelballadofhisowncomposition.Theherowasmyselfandtherewasaglowinganticipationofthearrivalofaheroine.AndasIlistenedmyinterestwouldwaxintenseatthepictureofthisworld-charmingbrideilluminatingthelapofthefutureinwhichshesatenthroned.Thelistofthejewellerywithwhichshewasbedeckedfromheadtofoot,andtheunheardofsplendourofthepreparationsforthebridal,mighthaveturnedolderandwiserheads;butwhatmovedtheboy,andsetwonderfuljoypicturesflittingbeforehisvision,wastherapidjingleofthefrequentrhymesandtheswingoftherhythm.

  这两段文学上的愉快至今还留连在我的记忆里——此外还有,是儿童的古诗:“雨点滴滴下,潮水涨上河。”

  Thesetwoliterarydelightsstilllingerinmymemory--andthereistheother,theinfants’classic:"Therainfallspit-a-pat,thetidecomesuptheriver."

  我记得的第二件事,是我的学校生活的开始。有一天我看见我的六哥和我的外甥萨提亚,也是比我大一点的,都上学去了,把我丢下,因为我不够年龄。我从来没有坐过车子,也没有出过家门。因此当萨提亚回来,说着许多浮夸的、他路上遇到的惊险闪光的故事的时候,我感到我不能再呆在家里了。我们的家庭教师企图用正确的指教和震响的耳光来驱逐我的幻象:“你现在哭着要进学校,将来恐怕你更要哭着想离开学校呢。”对于这位老师的姓名、面貌和脾气,我一点都不记得了,但对于他的沉重的教导和更沉重的手掌的印象,至今还没有消失。我这一辈子还没有听见过比这句话更真实的预言。

  ThenextthingIrememberisthebeginningofmyschool-life.OnedayIsawmyelderbrother,andmysister’ssonSatya,alsoalittleolderthanmyself,startingofftoschool,leavingmebehind,accountedunfit.Ihadneverbeforeriddeninacarriagenorevenbeenoutofthehouse.SowhenSatyacameback,fullofundulyglowingaccountsofhisadventuresontheway,IfeltIsimplycouldnotstayathome.Ourtutortriedtodispelmyillusionwithsoundadviceandaresoundingslap:"You’recryingtogotoschoolnow,you’llhavetocryalotmoretobeletofflateron."Ihavenorecollectionofthename,featuresordispositionofthistutorofours,buttheimpressionofhisweightyadviceandweightierhandhasnotyetfaded.NeverinmylifehaveIheardatruerprophecy.

  我的啼哭就使我不到年龄也被送进东方学校去了。我在那里学了些什么,我一点印象也没有;但是有一种责罚的方法我还记在心里。凡是不能背诵功课的儿童,就被罚站在凳子上,两臂伸开,手掌向上,上面叠放着几块石板。这种方法会不会促进孩子们对事物更好的认识,是心理学家可以争论的问题。我就这样在很小的年纪开始了我的学校教育。

  MycryingdrovemeprematurelyintotheOrientalSeminary.WhatIlearntthereIhavenoidea,butoneofitsmethodsofpunishmentIstillbearinmind.Theboywhowasunabletorepeathislessonswasmadetostandonabenchwitharmsextended,andonhisupturnedpalmswerepiledanumberofslates.Itisforpsychologiststodebatehowfarthismethodislikelytoconducetoabettergraspofthings.Ithusbeganmyschoolingatanextremelytenderage.

  我对于文学的登堂入室是有它的根源的,但也由于下房流行的书籍,其中最主要的是译成孟加拉文的昌纳克耶的格言,和克里狄瓦斯的《罗摩衍那》。

  Myinitiationintoliteraturehaditsorigin,atthesametime,inthebookswhichwereinvogueintheservants’quarters.ChiefamongthesewereaBengalitranslationofChanakya’saphorisms,andtheRamayanaofKrittivasa.

  那一天读《罗摩衍那》的图画,很清晰地回到我心上来。

  Apictureofoneday’sreadingoftheRamayanacomesclearlybacktome.

  这天是阴天,我在临街的楼廊上玩,忽然间萨提亚要吓我,我忘了为什么原故,喊了起来:“警察!警察!”我心里对于警察的责任只有一个极模糊的描摹,但是有一件事是我确信的,就是一个罪人一落到警察手里,他就一定像一个可怜的人落在鳄鱼锯齿似的爪里一样,一下去就不见了。我想不出一个无辜的孩子怎样才能逃脱这无情的刑罚,我全身发抖地跑到内院,只想警察从后面追来。我把这面临的大祸吐露给我母亲,她却并不惊慌。但是恐怕再出去就有危险,我就坐在母亲房间的门槛上,读着我祖姑的一本大理石纹纸面的、书页已经折角的《罗摩衍那》。四合的楼廊,围着内院,阴暗的过午天空的微光照在院里。我的祖姑发现我正在为着书中一段悲惨的情节哭泣起来,她就过来把书拿走了。

  Thedaywasacloudyone.Iwasplayingaboutinthelongverandahoverlookingtheroad.AllofasuddenSatya,forsomereasonIdonotremember,wantedtofrightenmebyshouting,"Policeman!Policeman!"Myideasofthedutiesofpolicemenwereofanextremelyvaguedescription.OnethingIwascertainabout,thatapersonchargedwithcrimeonceplacedinapoliceman’shandswould,assureasthewretchcaughtinacrocodile’sserratedgrip,gounderandbeseennomore.Notknowinghowaninnocentboycouldescapethisrelentlesspenalcode,Iboltedtowardstheinnerapartments,withshuddersrunningdownmybackforblindfearofpursuingpolicemen.Ibroketomymotherthenewsofmyimpendingdoom,butitdidnotseemtodisturbhermuch.However,notdeemingitsafetoventureoutagain,Isatdownonthesillofmymother’sdoortoreadthedog-earedRamayana,withamarbledpapercover,whichbelongedtoheroldaunt.Alongsidestretchedtheverandahrunningroundthefoursidesoftheopeninnerquadrangle,onwhichhadfallenthefaintafternoonglowofthecloudedsky,andfindingmeweepingoveroneofitssorrowfulsituationsmygreat-auntcameandtookawaythebookfromme.

  3里面和外面

  WithinandWithout

  我在童年几乎不知奢侈为何物。总起来说,那时的生活水平比现在简单得多。同时,我们家里的孩子,有完全不受过分照顾的自由。事实是,照顾的手续对于保护者也许是偶然的殷勤,而对于孩子来说却总是一个绝顶的麻烦。

  Luxurywasathingalmostunknowninthedaysofmyinfancy.Thestandardoflivingwasthen,asawhole,muchmoresimplethanitisnow.Apartfromthat,thechildrenofourhouseholdwereentirelyfreefromthefussofbeingtoomuchlookedafter.Thefactisthat,whiletheprocessoflookingaftermaybeanoccasionaltreatfortheguardians,tothechildrenitisalwaysanunmitigatednuisance.

  我们是处在奴仆的统治之下的。为着省他们的事,他们几乎压制了我们自由活动的权利。但是不受娇惯的自由,补偿了这个约束的粗暴,我们的心灵没有受到不断的娇养、奢侈和盛饰的迷惑,因此始终是清明的。

  Weusedtobeundertheruleoftheservants.Tosavethemselvestroubletheyhadalmostsuppressedourrightoffreemovement.Butthefreedomofnotbeingpettedmadeupevenfortheharshnessofthisbondage,forourmindswereleftclearofthetoilsofconstantcoddling,pamperinganddressing-up.

  我们的膳食是没有什么美味的,我们所穿的那些衣服,只能引起现代儿童的嘲笑。在我们满十岁以前,无论如何也穿不上鞋袜。冷天就在布衣上加一件棉布外褂。我们也从来没有想到这就算寒伧。只在我们的老裁缝尼亚玛蒂忘了在我们的外衣上做口袋的时候,我们才提出抗议,因为那时候还没有一个孩子穷到连把口袋装满的零钱都没有的地步;由于老天爷慈悲的分配,贫富家庭孩子的财富也没有多大的区别。我们每人有一双拖鞋,但都不大穿。我们把拖鞋踢到前面去,追上去再踢,通过这样每一步有效的打击,使得拖鞋也一样容易破烂。

  Ourfoodhadnothingtodowithdelicacies.Alistofourarticlesofclothingwouldonlyinvitethemodernboy’sscorn.Onnopretextdidwewearsocksorshoestillwehadpassedourtenthyear.Inthecoldweatherasecondcottontunicoverthefirstonesufficed.Itneverenteredourheadstoconsiderourselvesill-offforthatreason.ItwasonlywhenoldNiyamat,thetailor,wouldforgettoputapocketintooneofourtunicsthatwecomplained,fornoboyhasyetbeenbornsopoorasnottohavethewherewithaltostuffhispockets;nor,byamercifuldispensationofprovidence,istheremuchdifferencebetweenthewealthofboysofrichandofpoorparentage.Weusedtohaveapairofslipperseach,butnotalwayswherewehadourfeet.Ourhabitofkickingtheslippersonahead,andcatchingthemupagain,madethemworknonethelesshard,througheffectuallydefeatingateverystepthereasonoftheirbeing.

  我们的长辈在衣、食、住、行、谈话和娱乐各种事上,都和我们相距很远。我们偶然地看到了他们的起居服食,但却是接触不到。对于近代儿童,大人们变得微贱;他们太容易接近了,而且也是一切需求的对象。我们的东西没有一件是那么容易得到的。许多微小的东西对于我们都很希罕。我们生活在希望中,希望有一天我们长得够大了,可以得到遥远的将来给我们储存起来的东西。结果是无论我们得到多么微小的东西,我们都享受到了尽头;从皮到核一点也不丢掉。近代有钱人家的孩子,得到东西只啃掉一半,他们的世界的大部分都在他们身上浪费掉了。

  Ourelderswereineverywayatagreatdistancefromus,intheirdressandfood,livinganddoing,conversationandamusement.Wecaughtglimpsesofthese,buttheywerebeyondourreach.Eldershavebecomecheaptomodernchildren;theyaretooreadilyaccessible,andsoareallobjectsofdesire.Nothingevercamesoeasilytous.Manyatrivialthingwasforusararity,andwelivedmostlyinthehopeofattaining,whenwewereoldenough,thethingswhichthedistantfutureheldintrustforus.Theresultwasthatwhatlittlewedidgetweenjoyedtotheutmost;fromskintocorenothingwasthrownaway.Themodernchildofawell-to-dofamilynibblesatonlyhalfthethingshegets;thegreaterpartofhisworldiswastedonhim.

  我们在外院[外院是男人住地,女人住在内院。

  ]东南角的下房里度过光阴。我们的仆人中有一个夏玛,他是从库鲁那地区来的,黧黑圆胖,长着鬈发。他把我放在一个挑好的地方,用粉笔在外面画一个圆圈,正正经经地竖起指头警告我,说我一越过这个圆圈就有灾祸。我从来不十分了解这危险是物质上的还是精神上的,但我总是很害怕。我在《罗摩衍那》中读到悉多因走出了罗什曼那所画的圈圈而遇到苦难,因此我对于这可能性不敢怀疑。

  Ourdayswerespentintheservants’quartersinthesouth-eastcorneroftheouterapartments.OneofourservantswasShyam,adarkchubbyboywithcurlylocks,hailingfromtheDistrictofKhulna.Hewouldputmeintoaselectedspotand,tracingachalklineallround,warnmewithsolemnfaceandupliftedfingeroftheperilsoftransgressingthisring.WhetherthethreateneddangerwasmaterialorspiritualIneverfullyunderstood,butagreatfearusedtopossessme.IhadreadintheRamayanaofthetribulationsofSitaforhavinglefttheringdrawnbyLakshman,soitwasnotpossibleformetobescepticalofitspotency.

  在这屋子的窗下有一个水塘,一道石头台阶直达水面;水塘西头的院墙边有一棵很大的榕树,南边还有一行柳树。我转着圈走近窗前,就能穿过拉下来的百叶窗,整天像看画书似的不住地凝望着这个景物。从一大早我们的街坊就一个一个地来洗澡了。我都知道谁在什么时候来。每个人的洗法我都熟悉。有的人用手指头堵上耳朵,泡了几次就走了。有的人不敢整个地下去,只在头上拧几下浸湿了的手巾。第三个人飞快地、小心地用手臂拨开水面上的脏东西,然后在突然的冲动之下,猛然一下跳进水里去。有一个人干脆从台阶顶上一下跳到水里。有的人从台阶上一步一步走下,嘴里还念着晨经。有的人总是急急忙忙地一洗完就回家。有的人是一点也不忙,悠闲地洗着,洗完又仔细地擦着,把湿的浴衣脱下来再换上干净的衣服,慢慢地整理腰带的褶子,再在外院花园里绕几个弯儿,采几朵花拿着,慢慢地走回家去,同时他干净的身体上发着清爽愉快的光。这种事一直到过午才完毕。那时候浴场没有人来,也显得寂静了,只有鸭群还在,游来游去地寻找水蜗牛,或是整天梳理它们的羽毛。

  Justbelowthewindowofthisroomwasatankwithaflightofmasonrystepsleadingdownintothewater;onitswestbank,alongthegardenwall,animmensebanyantree;tothesouthafringeofcocoanutpalms.RingedroundasIwasnearthiswindowIwouldspendthewholedaypeeringthroughthedrawnVenetianshutters,gazingandgazingonthissceneasonapicturebook.Fromearlymorningourneighbourswoulddropinonebyonetohavetheirbath.Iknewthetimeforeachonetoarrive.Iwasfamiliarwiththepeculiaritiesofeachone’stoilet.Onewouldstopuphisearswithhisfingersashetookhisregulationnumberofdips,afterwhichhewoulddepart.Anotherwouldnotventureonacompleteimmersionbutbecontentwithonlysqueezinghiswettowelrepeatedlyoverhishead.Athirdwouldcarefullydrivethesurfaceimpuritiesawayfromhimwitharapidplayofhisarms,andthenonasuddenimpulsetakehisplunge.Therewasonewhojumpedinfromthetopstepswithoutanypreliminariesatall.Anotherwouldwalkslowlyin,stepbystep,mutteringhismorningprayersthewhile.Onewasalwaysinahurry,hasteninghomeassoonashewasthroughwithhisdip.Anotherwasinnosortofhurryatall,takinghisbathleisurely,followedwithagoodrub-down,andachangefromwetbathingclothesintocleanones,includingacarefuladjustmentofthefoldsofhiswaistcloth,endingwithaturnortwointheoutergarden,andthegatheringofflowers,withwhichhewouldfinallysaunterslowlyhomewards,radiatingthecoolcomfortofhisrefreshedbody,ashewent.Thiswouldgoontillitwaspastnoon.Thenthebathingplaceswouldbedesertedandbecomesilent.Onlytheducksremained,paddlingaboutafterwatersnails,orbusypreeningtheirfeathers,thelive-longday.

  寂静笼罩着水上以后,我的全部注意力就被榕树的影子吸引住了。有几条气根,从树身爬下来,在树下形成一个黑暗纠结的蟠曲。仿佛宇宙的法则还没有找到门路进入这神秘的地区;仿佛古老世界的梦境逃出了天兵的看守,徘徊着进入近代光明之中。我在那里所看到的人,和他们都做了些什么,我不能用明确的语言述说出来。关于榕树我后来写过:交纠的根从你的枝上垂挂下来,啊,古老的榕树,你昼夜凝立着,像一个苦行者在忏悔,你还记得那个以幻想和你的影子游戏的孩子吗?

  Whensolitudethusreignedoverthewater,mywholeattentionwouldbedrawntotheshadowsunderthebanyantree.Someofitsaerialroots,creepingdownalongitstrunk,hadformedadarkcomplicationofcoilsatitsbase.Itseemedasifintothismysteriousregionthelawsoftheuniversehadnotfoundentrance;asifsomeold-worlddream-landhadescapedthedivinevigilanceandlingeredonintothelightofmodernday.WhomIusedtoseethere,andwhatthosebeingsdid,itisnotpossibletoexpressinintelligiblelanguage.ItwasaboutthisbanyantreethatIwrotelater:Withtangledrootshangingdownfromyourbranches,Oancientbanyantree,Youstandstilldayandnight,likeanasceticathispenances,Doyoueverrememberthechildwhosefancyplayedwithyourshadows?

  可惜得很,那棵榕树已经不在了,那面照着这位庄严的树王的水镜也没有了!许多在里面洗过澡的人也随着榕树影子一同模糊了。而这个孩子,长大了,正在计算着那穿透这错综复杂的白日和黑夜,这个错综复杂就是他抛在四旁而又把他包围起来的树根。

  Alas!thatbanyantreeisnomore,northepieceofwaterwhichservedtomirrorthemajesticforest-lord!Manyofthosewhousedtobathetherehavealsofollowedintoobliviontheshadeofthebanyantree.Andthatboy,grownolder,iscountingthealternationsoflightanddarknesswhichpenetratethecomplexitieswithwhichtherootshehasthrownoffonallsideshaveencircledhim.

  我们是不许走出家门的,事实上我们没有走遍全部屋子的自由。我们只能从栅栏里面窥视自然。有一件我们得不到的、无限的、叫做“外面”的东西。它的闪光、声音和香气,时常从它的空隙里来摩触我。它似乎在栅栏外做出许多想同我玩的姿态。但它是自由的,我是受束缚的——没有法子相会。因此这诱惑就格外强烈了。今天那道粉笔线条是擦掉了,而那个禁圈仍然存在。遥远的依然遥远,外面依旧是外面;我忆起我长大以后写的一首诗:

  Goingoutofthehousewasforbiddentous,infactwehadnoteventhefreedomofallitsparts.Weperforcetookourpeepsatnaturefrombehindthebarriers.BeyondmyreachtherewasthislimitlessthingcalledtheOutside,ofwhichflashesandsoundsandscentsusedmomentarilytocomeandtouchmethroughitsinterstices.Itseemedtowanttoplaywithmethroughthebarswithsomanygestures.ButitwasfreeandIwasbound--therewasnowayofmeeting.Sotheattractionwasallthestronger.Thechalklinehasbeenwipedawayto-day,buttheconfiningringisstillthere.Thedistantisjustasdistant,theoutsideisstillbeyondme;andIamremindedofthepoemIwrotewhenIwasolder:

  驯养的鸟在笼里,自由的鸟在林中,

  时间到了它们相逢,这是命中注定。

  自由的鸟叫着说,“啊,我爱。让我们飞到林中去吧!”

  笼里的鸟低声说,“来吧,让我们都住在笼里。”

  自由的鸟说,“在栅栏当中哪有展翅的空间呢?”

  “可怜呵,”笼里的鸟叫着说,“在天空中我就不会栖止了。”

  Thetamebirdwasinacage,thefreebirdwasintheforest,

  Theymetwhenthetimecame,itwasadecreeoffate.

  Thefreebirdcries,"Omylove,letusflytowood."

  Thecagebirdwhispers,"Comehither,letusbothliveinthecage."

  Saysthefreebird,"Amongbars,whereisthereroomtospreadone’swings?"

  "Alas,"criesthecagebird,"Ishouldnotknowwheretositperchedinthesky."

  我们屋顶凉台的短墙比我的头还高。当我长高了些,当仆人的专制松弛了些;当我们家娶进一位新娘子来的时候,作为她闲时的游伴,我得到了承认,才能在中午的时候到凉台上来。这时候全家都用过午餐;家务事有个休歇;内院里充满了午睡的寂静;潮湿的浴衣搭在短墙上晒着;乌鸦在房角垃圾堆上啄取残食!在这午休的寂静里,笼中的鸟就从短墙的空隙中,同自由的鸟喙对喙地交谈着。

  Theparapetsofourterracedroofswerehigherthanmyhead.WhenIhadgrowntaller;whenthetyrannyoftheservantshadrelaxed;when,withthecomingofanewlymarriedbrideintothehouse,Ihadachievedsomerecognitionasacompanionofherleisure,thendidIsometimescomeuptotheterraceinthemiddleoftheday.Bythattimeeverybodyinthehousewouldhavefinishedtheirmeal;therewouldbeanintervalinthebusinessofthehousehold;overtheinnerapartmentswouldrestthequietofthemiddaysiesta;thewetbathingclotheswouldbehangingovertheparapetstodry;thecrowswouldbepickingattheleavingsthrownontherefuseheapatthecorneroftheyard;inthesolitudeofthatintervalthecagedbirdwould,throughthegapsintheparapet,communebilltobillwiththefreebird!

  我总是站立凝望……我的眼光首先落到我们内花园较远的那一边一行行的椰子树上。穿过这树看得见“新积园”和它周围的茅舍和池塘,水塘旁边就是我们送牛奶的女工塔拉的牛奶房;再远一些,和树梢交错在一起的,就是不同形式不同高低的加尔各答的屋顶凉台,反射出中午灿白的阳光,一直伸到东方灰蓝色的地平线上。有几所远一些的房子,它们的屋顶通向凉台的楼梯,看上去就像用一只向上指点的指头使着眼色,向我暗示它们里面的秘密,我就像一个站在皇宫门外的乞丐,在想象着关在严密的屋子里无法得到的珍宝一样,我不能说出这些陌生的房子里堆积着的游戏和自由。从充满灼热阳光的天空的最深处,一只鸢鸟的微小尖锐的叫声达到我的耳中,卖玻璃镯子的小贩,从和“新积园”相连的巷里走来,经过在午憩中寂静下来的房子,唱着“谁要手镯,谁买手镯……”我整个人就从劳作的世界中飞走了。

  Iwouldstandandgaze....Myglancefirstfallsontherowofcocoanuttreesonthefurtheredgeofourinnergarden.Throughtheseareseenthe"Singhi’sGarden"withitsclusterofhutsandtank,andontheedgeofthetankthedairyofourmilkwoman,Tara;stillfurtheron,mixedupwiththetree-tops,thevariousshapesanddifferentheightsoftheterracedroofsofCalcutta,flashingbacktheblazingwhitenessofthemiddaysun,stretchrightawayintothegrayishblueoftheeasternhorizon.Andsomeofthesefardistantdwellingsfromwhichstandforththeirroofedstair-waysleadinguptotheterrace,lookasifwithupliftedfingerandawinktheyarehintingtomeofthemysteriesoftheirinteriors.Likethebeggaratthepalacedoorwhoimaginesimpossibletreasurestobeheldinthestrongroomsclosedtohim,Icanhardlytellofthewealthofplayandfreedomwhichtheseunknowndwellingsseemtomecrowdedwith.Fromthefurthestdepthoftheskyfullofburningsunshineoverheadthethinshrillcryofakitereachesmyear;andfromthelaneadjoining"Singhi’sGarden"comesup,pastthehousessilentintheirnoondayslumber,thesing-songofthebangle-seller—"chaichoorichai"……andmywholebeingwouldflyawayfromthework-a-dayworld.

  我的父亲很少在家,他总在外面漫游。三层楼上他的屋子总是关着。我常把手从百叶窗隙伸进去,弄开门闩把门打开,在屋子南端的沙发上不动地躺着,度过一个下午。首先因为这屋子是常常关着的,而且是偷着进去的,这样就有很深的神秘意味;南边凉台的空虚广阔,在阳光映射之中,使我做起昼梦。

  Myfatherhardlyeverstayedathome,hewasconstantlyroamingabout.Hisroomsonthethirdstoreyusedtoremainshutup.Iwouldpassmyhandsthroughthevenetianshutters,andthusopeningthelatchgetthedooropen,andspendtheafternoonlyingmotionlessonhissofaatthesouthend.Firstofallitwasaroomalwaysclosed,andthentherewasthestolenentry,thisgaveitadeepflavourofmystery;furtherthebroademptyexpanseofterracetothesouth,glowingintheraysofthesunwouldsetmeday-dreaming.

  这里还有另一种魅力。自来水管的安装在加尔各答还刚刚开始,在它第一次胜利地洋溢输送里,它对印度住宅区也并不吝惜。在自来水的黄金时代,这水一直流上三层楼我父亲的屋里。拧开淋浴的水龙头,我尽情地洗着不合时的澡,——并不是为舒服,而是要给我的愿望一个随心所欲的机会。自由的快乐和怕被捉住的恐怖不断交替着,使得市政府的淋浴水把愉快的箭矢震颤地射进我的心里。

  Therewasyetanotherattraction.Thewater-workshadjustbeenstartedinCalcutta,andinthefirstexuberanceofitstriumphantentryitdidnotstinteventheIndianquartersoftheirsupply.Inthatgoldenageofpipewater,itusedtoflowevenuptomyfather’sthirdstoreyrooms.AndturningontheshowertapIwouldindulgetomyheart’scontentinanuntimelybath.Notsomuchforthecomfortofit,astogivereintomydesiretodojustasIfancied.Thealternationofthejoyofliberty,andthefearofbeingcaught,madethatshowerofmunicipalwatersendarrowsofdelightthrillingintome.

  也许是因为和外面的接触是那么遥遥无期,接触的快乐更容易进到我的心里。当物质很丰富的时候,心思就变得懒惰了,而把一切都交给物质,忘了在准备一个成功的快乐筵席的时候,内部的装备比外部更有价值。这是一个人的孩童地位能给他的最主要的教训。他占有的东西又少又小,但是为他的幸福,他不需要更多的东西。那担负着无数玩具的不幸的孩童,他的游戏世界都被糟蹋了。

  Itwasperhapsbecausethepossibilityofcontactwiththeoutsidewassoremotethatthejoyofitcametomesomuchmorereadily.Whenmaterialisinprofusion,themindgetslazyandleaveseverythingtoit,forgettingthatforasuccessfulfeastofjoyitsinternalequipmentcountsformorethantheexternal.Thisisthechieflessonwhichhisinfantstatehastoteachtoman.Therehispossessionsarefewandtrivial,yetheneedsnomoreforhishappiness.Theworldofplayisspoiltfortheunfortunateyoungsterwhoisburdenedwithanunlimitedquantityofplaythings.

  把我们的内花园叫做花园是太过分了。它的产业包括一棵香橼树,一两棵不同种的李树,一行椰子树,当中有铺着石头的圆坛,各种各样的杂草侵入它的裂缝里,把石头打败,插上自己胜利的军旗。只有那些不愿因受忽视而去就死的花木,继续毫无怨尤地尽着自己可敬的责任,对园丁没有任何不满的毁谤。花园北角上有一个打谷棚,当家里需要的时候,内院的人们也偶然在那里聚会。这个农村生活的最后痕迹,已经自己认输,羞愧地、无人注意地偷偷溜走了。

  Tocallourinnergardenagardenistosayadealtoomuch.Itspropertiesconsistedofacitrontree,acoupleofplumtreesofdifferentvarieties,andarowofcocoanuttrees.Inthecentrewasapavedcirclethecracksofwhichvariousgrassesandweedshadinvadedandplantedinthemtheirvictoriousstandards.Onlythosefloweringplantswhichrefusedtodieofneglectcontinueduncomplaininglytoperformtheirrespectivedutieswithoutcastinganyaspersionsonthegardener.Inthenortherncornerwasarice-huskingshed,wheretheinmatesoftheinnerapartmentswouldoccasionallyforegatherwhenhouseholdnecessitydemanded.Thislastvestigeofrurallifehassinceowneddefeatandslunkawayashamedandunnoticed.

  但是我仍在猜想亚当的伊甸园也不会比我们这座花园收拾得更好;因为他和他的花园都同样是赤裸的;他们不必用物质的东西来点缀。只是从他尝到知识树的果子,又充分地把它消化了之后,人对于外表的家具和装饰的需要,才会持久地增长。我们的内花园是我的乐园;对我这就够了。我记得很清楚,在初秋的黎明,我一醒来就跑到那里去。一阵露湿的花叶香气扑上前来迎接我,带着清凉的阳光的早晨,会从花园的东墙上、椰棕颤动的穗叶之下向我窥视。

  NonethelessIsuspectthatAdam’sgardenofEdencouldhardlyhavebeenbetteradornedthanthisoneofours;forheandhisparadisewerealikenaked;theyneedednottobefurnishedwithmaterialthings.Itisonlysincehistastingofthefruitofthetreeofknowledge,andtillhecanfullydigestit,thatman’sneedforexternalfurnitureandembellishmentpersistentlygrows.Ourinnergardenwasmyparadise;itwasenoughforme.IwellrememberhowintheearlyautumndawnIwouldrunthereassoonasIwasawake.Ascentofdewygrassandfoliagewouldrushtomeetme,andthemorningwithitscoolfreshsunlightwouldpeepoutatmeoverthetopoftheEasterngardenwallfrombelowthetremblingtasselsofthecocoanutpalms.

  在房子的北边还有一块空地,我们至今还称它为谷仓。这名字表示,在早年,这一片是个储藏全年的谷米的地方。那时候,像襁褓中的弟兄姐妹那样,城市和农村相似的地方;到处可见。现在这种亲属的相似的形象已经无从追迹了。我只要一得到机会,就以谷仓为我的假日留连之地。说我到那里去玩是不对的——事实上吸引着我的是这地方而不是游戏。这是为什么,很难说出原故。也许因为那是一小块荒芜之地,又是一个人迹不到的角落,对我就有了魅力。它在住所的外面,没有贴上有用的标签;而且是既无用又无修饰,因为没有人在那里种过任何东西。一定是由于这些原因,这个荒凉的地点对于一个孩子的想象力的自由游戏,并不加以拒绝。任何时候只要我能找到一个逃出监护人看守的空儿,而跑进这谷仓里,我就真觉得是一个假日了。

  Thereisanotherpieceofvacantlandtothenorthofthehousewhichtothisdaywecallthe"golabari"(barnhouse).Thenameshowsthatinsomeremotepastthismusthavebeentheplacewheretheyear’sstoreofgrainusedtobekeptinabarn.Then,aswithbrotherandsisterininfancy,thelikenessbetweentownandcountrywasvisibleallover.Nowthefamilyresemblancecanhardlybetraced.This"golabari"wouldbemyholidayhauntifIgotthechance.ItwouldhardlybecorrecttosaythatIwenttheretoplay--itwastheplacenotplay,whichdrewme.Whythiswasso,isdifficulttotell.Perhapsitsbeingadesertedbitofwastelandlyinginanout-of-the-waycornergaveititscharmforme.Itwasentirelyoutsidethelivingquartersandborenostampofusefulness;moreoveritwasasunadornedasitwasuseless,fornoonehadeverplantedanythingthere;itwasdoubtlessforthesereasonsthatthisdesertspotofferednoresistancetothefreeplayoftheboy’simagination.WheneverIgotanyloop-holetoevadethevigilanceofmywardersandcouldcontrivetoreachthe"golabari"IfeltIhadaholidayindeed.

  在房子里还有一个处所是我始终没有找到的。有一个和我年龄相仿的女游伴,管这个地方叫做王宫。“我刚上那里去过。”她有时告诉我。但不知道为什么,她能带我同去的好日子,永远也没有来到。那是一个美妙的地方,玩具和玩法都是美妙的。我仿佛觉得这地方一定很近——也许就在第一层或是第二层楼;可就是永远进不去。我不知道问我的同伴问过多少次:“只要告诉我,这地方真正在房子里面还是外面?”她总是回答说:“不在外面,不在外面,它就在这座房子里。”我就坐下想:“这王宫会在哪里呢?这房子的每一间屋子我不是全知道吗?”我从来也不问这国王是什么人;他的还没有被找到的王宫在哪里;但这一点是清楚的——这王宫是在我们的房子里。

  TherewasyetanotherplaceinourhousewhichIhaveevenyetnotsucceededinfindingout.Alittlegirlplaymateofmyownagecalledthisthe"King’spalace.""Ihavejustbeenthere,"shewouldsometimestellme.Butsomehowthepropitiousmomentneverturnedupwhenshecouldtakemealongwithher.Thatwasawonderfulplace,anditsplaythingswereaswonderfulasthegamesthatwereplayedthere.Itseemedtomeitmustbesomewhereverynear--perhapsinthefirstorsecondstorey;theonlythingwasoneneverseemedtobeabletogetthere.HowoftenhaveIaskedmycompanion,"Onlytellme,isitreallyinsidethehouseoroutside?"Andshewouldalwaysreply,"No,no,it’sinthisveryhouse."Iwouldsitandwonder:"Wherethencanitbe?Don’tIknowalltheroomsofthehouse?"WhothekingmightbeInevercaredtoinquire;wherehispalaceisstillremainsundiscovered;thismuchwasclear--theking’spalacewaswithinourhouse.

  回忆童年的光阴,最常想到的是那充满在生活与世界中的神秘。梦想不到的事物到处潜伏着,每天最先浮上心头的疑问是:什么时候!啊,什么时候我们能碰到它呢?就像自然把些东西握在拳头里,微笑地问我们说:“你猜这里面有什么?”我们想不出有什么东西是她所拿不到的。

  Lookingbackonchildhood’sdaysthethingthatrecursmostoftenisthemysterywhichusedtofillbothlifeandworld.Somethingundreamtofwaslurkingeverywhereandtheuppermostquestioneverydaywas:when,Oh!whenwouldwecomeacrossit?Itwasasifnatureheldsomethinginherclosedhandsandwassmilinglyaskingus:"Whatd’youthinkIhave?"Whatwasimpossibleforhertohavewasthethingwehadnoideaof.

  我还清楚地记得,那一颗我在南边凉台的一角种下而又每天浇灌的蕃荔枝的种子。这种子会长成大树的想法,使我总在不安的悬望之中。蕃荔枝种子还是有发芽的习惯,但是因为有了悬望的情感与之俱来,这习惯就没有了。这过失不在蕃荔枝上,而是在我的心里。

  WelldoIrememberthecustardappleseedwhichIhadplantedandkeptinacornerofthesouthverandah,andusedtowatereveryday.Thethoughtthattheseedmightpossiblygrowintoatreekeptmeinagreatstateofflutteringwonder.Custardappleseedsstillhavethehabitofsprouting,butnolongertotheaccompanimentofthatfeelingofwonder.Thefaultisnotinthecustardapplebutinthemind.

  有一次,我们从一位长亲的假山上偷了几块石头,自己也堆上一个小假山。种在假山缝里的草木,因为我们过于殷勤的照管,使它们勉强靠着植物的本能,活到它们夭折的日子为止。这座小山头给我们的喜悦和叹赏是无可形容的。我们毫不疑惑地认为,我们的这个作品对于大人们也是一件奇妙的东西。可是当我们把这问题寻求证实的这一天,我们屋角的这座小山和一切石头一切草木都不见了。书房地板上是不宜于叠假山的这条学问,是这样粗暴而突然地传给我们的,使我们大为震惊。当我们体会到我们的幻想和大人们的意志大相径庭的时候,把地板从石头的重压下释放出来这件事,就永远记住在我们的心里。

  Wehadoncestolensomerocksfromaneldercousin’srockeryandstartedalittlerockeryofourown.Theplantswhichwesowedinitsintersticeswerecaredforsoexcessivelythatitwasonlybecauseoftheirvegetablenaturethattheymanagedtoputupwithittilltheiruntimelydeath.Wordscannotrecounttheendlessjoyandwonderwhichthisminiaturemountain-topheldforus.Wehadnodoubtthatthiscreationofourswouldbeawonderfulthingtooureldersalso.Thedaythatwesoughttoputthistotheproof,however,thehillockinthecornerofourroom,withallitsrocks,andallitsvegetation,vanished.Theknowledgethattheschoolroomfloorwasnotaproperfoundationfortheerectionofamountainwasimpartedsorudely,andwithsuchsuddenness,thatitgaveusaconsiderableshock.Theweightofstoneofwhichthefloorwasrelievedsettledonourmindswhenwerealisedthegulfbetweenourfanciesandthewillofourelders.

  那些日子,世界生活的脉搏对于我们是多么亲切啊!地,水,叶子,天空都对我们说话,也不让我们不睬它们。我们是怎样地常常抱着很深的遗憾,就是我们只了解大地的上层而不了解大地的下层!我们的一切计划就是如何去窥测大地的土色被窝下面的东西。我们想,如果我们能够一根竹竿接着一根竹竿地捅下去,我们也许能和它的最深处有点接触。

  Howintimatelydidthelifeoftheworldthrobforusinthosedays!Earth,water,foliageandsky,theyallspoketousandwouldnotbedisregarded.Howoftenwerewestruckbythepoignantregretthatwecouldonlyseetheupperstoreyoftheearthandknewnothingofitsinnerstorey!Allourplanningwasastohowwecouldprybeneathitsdust-colouredcover.If,thoughtwe,wecoulddriveinbambooafterbamboo,oneovertheother,wemightperhapsgetintosomesortoftouchwithitsinmostdepths.

  在过马格月[马格月,印历十月,相当于公历十二月至一月。

  ]的时候,外院就立起一连串搭天篷用的木头柱子。马格月的第一天就开始在地上挖立柱子的窟窿。准备过节对于孩子总是有趣的,但是这种挖掘对我特别有吸引力。虽然我年年都看着他们挖——也看到窟窿越挖越深,直到挖的人都没在里面看不见了,但是从来也没有发现什么特别的值得王子或骑士去探求的事物——而每一次我都有神秘之箱已经开锁的感觉。我觉得再挖深一点就行了。一年一年地过去了,这一点从来也没有成功。帘幕只拉动了一下而并没有拉开。我想大人们想做什么就可以做什么,为什么他们只满足于这样地浅挖呢?若是我们小孩子也可以发号施令的话,大地最深的秘密,是再也不许被闭闷在它的尘土被窝之下的。

  DuringtheMaghfestivalaseriesofwoodenpillarsusedtobeplantedroundtheoutercourtyardforsupportingthechandeliers.DiggingholesforthesewouldbeginonthefirstofMagh.Thepreparationsforfestivityareeverinterestingtoyoungfolk.Butthisdigginghadaspecialattractionforme.ThoughIhadwatcheditdoneyearafteryear--andseentheholegrowbiggerandbiggertillthediggerhadcompletelydisappearedinside,andyetnothingextraordinary,nothingworthyofthequestofprinceorknight,hadeverappeared--yeteverytimeIhadthefeelingthatthelidbeingliftedoffachestofmystery.Ifeltthatalittlebitmorediggingwoulddoit.Yearafteryearpassed,butthatbitnevergotdone.Therewasapullatthecurtainbutitwasnotdrawn.Theelders,thoughtI,candowhatevertheyplease,whydotheyrestcontentwithsuchshallowdelving?Ifweyoungfolkhadtheorderingofit,theinmostmysteryoftheearthwouldnolongerbeallowedtoremainsmotheredinitsdustcovering.

  想到在蔚蓝的圆穹之后,到处潜息着天空的神秘,这也会刺激我们的想象。当我们的老师给我们讲孟加拉科学读本第一册的时候,他告诉我们说,蓝天不是一个盖子,我们是多么惊奇啊!他说:“把梯子一个接上一个,一直往上爬,可是你永远也碰不着头。”我断定他一定想省梯子,就一直追问下去:“可是要是我们接上更多,更多,更多的梯子呢?”当我体会到再加上无数的梯子也是没有结果的时候,我就吓住了,呆呆地想这问题。我下了结论,这种震惊世界的消息,一定只有世界的老师们才会知道!

  Andthethoughtthatbehindeverypartofthevaultofbluereposedthemysteriesoftheskywouldalsospurourimaginings.WhenourPundit,inillustrationofsomelessoninourBengaliscienceprimer,toldusthatthebluespherewasnotanenclosure,howthunderstruckwewere!"Putladderuponladder,"saidhe,"andgoonmountingaway,butyouwillneverbumpyourhead."Hemustbesparingofhisladders,Iopined,andquestionedwitharisinginflection,"Andwhatifweputmoreladders,andmore,andmore?"WhenIrealisedthatitwasfruitlessmultiplyingladdersIremaineddumbfoundedponderingoverthematter.Surely,Iconcluded,suchanastoundingpieceofnewsmustbeknownonlytothosewhoaretheworld’sschoolmasters!
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